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Aortic stenosis is a condition where the aortic valve narrows, restricting blood flow from the heart to the rest of the body. Here are five important things to know about it:

1. Symptoms: Common symptoms of aortic stenosis include chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, dizziness, and fainting, especially during physical activity. In severe cases, heart failure symptoms such as swelling in the legs and abdomen may occur.

2. Causes: Aortic stenosis can be caused by congenital heart defects (such as a bicuspid aortic valve), age-related calcification of the valve, rheumatic fever, or radiation therapy. The most common cause in older adults is the buildup of calcium deposits on the valve.

3. Diagnosis: Aortic stenosis is typically diagnosed through a physical exam (listening for a heart murmur), echocardiogram, and other imaging tests like a CT scan or MRI. These tests help assess the severity of the valve narrowing and the impact on heart function.

4. Treatment: Treatment options depend on the severity of the condition. Mild cases may only require regular monitoring and lifestyle modifications. Severe cases often require surgical intervention, such as valve repair or replacement. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is a less invasive option for some patients.

5. Prognosis: Without treatment, severe aortic stenosis can lead to serious complications, including heart failure, stroke, and sudden cardiac death. With appropriate intervention, many patients experience significant symptom relief and improved quality of life. Early detection and management are crucial for a better prognosis.